An Overview of Mathematical Modelling in Cancer Research: Fractional Calculus as Modelling Tool

Cancer is a complex disease, responsible for significant portion of global deaths. The increasing prioritisation know-why over know-how approaches in biological research has favoured the rising use both white- and black-box mathematical techniques cancer modelling, seeking to better grasp multi-scale mechanistic workings its phenomena (such as tumour-immune interactions, drug resistance, tumour growth diffusion, etc.). In light this wide-ranging mathematics unique memory non-local properties Fractional Calculus (FC) have been sought after last decade replace ordinary differentiation hypothesising FC’s superior modelling oncological phenomena, which shown possess an accumulated knowledge past states. As such, review aims present thorough structured survey about main guiding trends categories research, emphasising field oncology employment whole. most pivotal questions, challenges future perspectives are also outlined.