An Overview of the Process Mechanisms in the Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition

Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition (LP-DED) is a very powerful Additive Manufacturing process for different applications, such as repair operations and the production of functionally graded material. However, application still limited, one main reasons related to lack knowledge mechanisms. Since mechanisms involved in process, which are mutually each other, directly influence properties produced part, their crucial. This paper presents review LP-DED relationship between input parameters outcomes. The identified (i) laser irradiation material addition, (ii) melt pool generation, (iii) subsequent solidification, discussed terms parameters, with focus on effects deposition effectiveness, interrelation among process. results highlight complexity guide engineers navigating challenges specific critical that should be investigated when new materials developed, or optimization carried out.