Assessment of Swarm Kinematic Orbit Determination Using Two Different Double-Difference Methods

The Swarm mission aims to study the principle and change regularities of Earth’s magnetic field. Precise orbit determination is essential successful implementation relevant scientific research. This article focuses on using two different double-difference methods improve accuracy kinematic determination. relies entirely space-borne observation data, independent any dynamic parameters. analyzes data quality global positioning system (GPS) receiver presents a detailed introduction pre-processing algorithms. gathering applied strategy are discussed. results orbits under solar cycle conditions presented, along with an evaluation based analysis GPS carrier phase residuals, subtracting from post-processed orbits, assessment satellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements. show that at centimeter level for three satellites’ solutions. daily root mean square (RMS) values residuals remain around 6 mm level. RMS position between reduced released by European Space Agency (ESA) about 2–3 cm external SLR measurements shows good agreement ESA level, 2 cm.