Bifidobacterium breve PRL2020: Antibiotic-Resistant Profile and Genomic Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants

Antibiotics are one of the greatest scientific achievements modern medicine, but excessive use is creating challenges for future medicine. Antibiotic resistance (AR) thought to cause changes in bowel habits and an increased risk gastroenteritis, it may also increase overweight, obesity, autoimmune atopic diseases, a low response vaccines cancer, likely mediated by antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis. Probiotic add-on therapy could partially prevent dysbiosis, their antibiotic sensitivity features limits this potential. The EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) guidelines consider probiotics whose antibiotic-resistant profile be transferable important hazard. Recently, strain B. breve (PRL2020) has shown resistant amoxicillin amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) applying microdilution protocol according guidelines. After verifying that horizontal gene transfer unlikely take place, feature suggests its concomitant with these specific antibiotics. results our tests demonstrated PRL2020 indeed endowed amoxicillin- AC-resistant properties insensitive ampicillin. In-depth analysis annotated genome sequence was employed query Comprehensive Resistance Database (CARD) using Gene Identifier (RGI) software (version 5.2.1). similarity among AR determinants found studied through nucleotide alignment, possible verify not only absence genes explaining flanking regions presence genetic sequences (rpoB erm(X)) putatively responsible rifampicin erythromycin resistance. Both phenotypically expressed, antibiotics, within limits. Analysis revealed mobile elements upstream downstream case erm(X) gene, Insertion Sequences (IS) described as transfer. Our findings on demonstrate compatible antibiotics when taken aim reducing