Blockchain-Based Internet of Things and Industrial IoT: A Comprehensive Survey

Industry 4.0 connects the latest technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of things (IoT), machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI), blockchain to provide more automation in industrial process also bridges gap between physical digital worlds through cyber-physical system. The inherent feature IoT devices creates industry smart (referred IoT, i.e., IIoT) its data-driven decision policies. However, several challenges decentralization, security privacy vulnerability, single point failure (SPOF), trust issues exist Blockchain is one promising that can bring about opportunities for addressing systems. In this article, we have investigated integration with technology provided an in-depth study blockchain-enabled IIoT state-of-the-art research categorized into data storage management technique, big computing technique (finance auditing), sectors (supply chain, energy, healthcare sector). insightful discussion based on different categories presented paper. particular, first, introduce then discuss need contracts Next, concentrate convergence research. addition, article provides open future directions towards era highlighted observations.