Blockchain-Driven Real-Time Incentive Approach for Energy Management System

In the current era, skyrocketing demand for energy necessitates a powerful mechanism to mitigate supply–demand gap in intelligent infrastructure, i.e., smart grid. To handle this issue, an and secure management system (EMS) could benefit end-consumers participating Demand–Response (DR) program. Therefore, paper, we proposed real-time incentive-based EMS grid, RI-EMS approach using Reinforcement Learning (RL) blockchain technology. approach, novel reward better convergence of RL-based model Q-learning based on greedy policy that guides RL-agent faster convergence. Then, designed incentive minimize consumption peak hours reduce end-consumers’ bills provide incentives end-consumers. Experimental results show induces end-consumer participation increases customer profitabilities compared existing approaches considering different performance evaluation metrics such as end-consumers, reduction, total cost comparison Furthermore, blockchain-based are simulated analyzed with help deployed contracts Remix Integrated Development Environment (IDE) parameters transaction efficiency data storage cost.