Comparing and validating intra-farm and farm-to-farm wakes across different mesoscale and high-resolution wake models

Abstract. Numerical wind resource modelling across scales from the mesoscale to turbine scale is of increasing interest due expansion offshore energy. Offshore farm wakes can last several tens kilometres downstream and thus affect resources a large area. So far, scale-specific models have been developed but it remains unclear how well different model types represent intra-farm wakes, farm-to-farm as wake recovery behind farm. Thus, in present analysis simulation set complexity, fidelity, computational costs are compared among each other with SCADA data. In particular, two parameterizations implemented Weather Research Forecasting (WRF), Explicit Wake Parameterization (EWP) Wind Farm (FIT), high-resolution RANS simulations using PyWakeEllipSys equipped an actuator disk model, three rapid engineering PyWake suite selected. The applied Nysted Rødsand II farms, which located Fehmarn Belt Baltic Sea. Based on performed simulations, we conclude that both WRF + FIT (BIAS = 0.52 m s?1) EWP 0.73 compare affected mast measurements. Compared baseline variability, i.e. speed deficit between turbines, be captured reasonably resolution 2 km, typical for energy applications, while underestimates deficits. However, used estimate median reduction caused by upstream All considered simulate peak comparable high fidelity simulations. they considerably underestimate effect although magnitudes. Overall, higher those pay off terms accuracy situations when important.