Comparison of Vortex Cut and Vortex Ring Models for Toroidal Bubble Dynamics in Underwater Explosions

The jet impact from a collapsing bubble is an important mechanism of structural damage in underwater explosions and cavitation erosion. Boundary Integral Method (BIM) widely used to simulate nonspherical dynamic behaviors due its high accuracy efficiency. However, conventional BIM cannot toroidal dynamics, as the flow field transforms single-connected into double-connected. To overcome this problem, vortex cut ring models can be handle discontinuous potential on surface. In work, we compare these two applied dynamics free near rigid wall terms profile, gas pressure, pressure induced by bubble, etc. Our results show that produce comparable outcomes with sufficient number nodes each. axisymmetric case, model more efficient than model. Moreover, found both improve self-consistency surface elements (N) increases, N=300 representing optimal value. findings provide insights numerical study which enhance selection application research engineering applications.