Compound flood modeling framework for surface–subsurface water interactions

Abstract. Compound floods are an active area of research in which the complex interaction between pluvial, fluvial, coastal and groundwater flooding analyzed. A number studies have simulated compound impacts precipitation, river discharge storm surge variables with different numerical models linking techniques. However, is often neglected flood risk assessments due to its sporadic frequency (as most regions water tables sufficiently low that do not exacerbate conditions), isolated considerably lower severity respect other types flooding. This paper presents a physics-based, loosely coupled modeling framework using FLO-2D MODFLOW-2005 capable simulating surface–subsurface interactions. FLO-2D, responsible for surface hydrology infiltration processes, transfers volume as recharge until soil absorption capacity exceeded, while returns exchange flow when heads higher than depth. Three events characterized by short-duration intense average tide levels unusually high table used assess relevance Arch Creek Basin, locality North Miami particularly prone conditions. Due limitations level observations, model was calibrated based on properties experienced repetitive losses validated image-based volunteer geographic information (VGI). Results suggest groundwater-induced localized, influence pluvial shallow undermines capacity. Understanding particular interest low-elevation karst environments sudden emergence at ground can result social disruption, adverse effects essential services damage infrastructure. Further should exacerbated tides sea rise under current future climate projections.