Continuous ice-templating of macro-porous materials with uniformly ordered architecture

Ice-templating technique offers a viable means for constructing ordered macro-porous architectures in materials; nevertheless, it is generally limited by low efficiency fabrication, large difficulty manipulation, along with the small dimension, and poor structural uniformity of ice-templated materials. Here, new approach was exploited continuous ice-templating uniformly materials based on establishment large, stable temperature gradient specific bi-directional designs at freezing front descending toward cooling medium to accommodate its upward growth. The rate markedly increased dimension frozen body notably enlarged as compared case conventional static technique. architecture materials, taking zirconia ceramics an example, made much finer more uniform over entire sample, exhibited better ordering alignment enhanced inter-connectivity between lamellae. This led improvement compressive strength stability height direction than those similar porosity. study may facilitate scale up techniques promote exploitation application high-performance