Crown allometry and growing space requirements of four rare domestic tree species compared to oak and beech: implications for adaptive forest management

Abstract Rare domestic tree species are increasingly being viewed as promising alternatives and additions to current main in forests facing climate change. For a feasible management of these rare species, it is, however, necessary know their growth patterns space requirements. This information has been lacking science up now. Our study investigated the basic crown allometries four (European hornbeam, European white elm, field maple wild service tree) compared them more established assessable beech oak (sessile pedunculate oak). our analysis, we used data from eight temporary research plots located on seven sites across south-eastern Germany, augmented by long-term plots. Using quantile regression, fundamental relationships between projection area diameter, height diameter. Subsequently, mixed-effect model detect dependence allometry different stand variables. We derived maximum stem numbers per hectare for each at heights, thus providing much-needed practical guidelines forest managers. In early stages development, found that elm can be managed with higher than beech, similar those oak. hornbeam require lower numbers, beech. However, during first or second thinnings, hypothesise must released competitors, shade tolerance competitiveness decrease age. Furthermore, argue thinnings performed frequency stands admixed because species’ high tolerance. When properly managed, reach target diameters