Defensive extrusive ectosymbionts of Euplotidium (Ciliophora) that contain microtubule-like structures are bacteria related to Verrucomicrobia

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Defensive extrusive ectosymbionts of Euplotidium (Ciliophora) that contain microtubule-like structures are bacteria related to Verrucomicrobia.

Epixenosomes, ectosymbionts on hypotrich ciliates (genus Euplotidium) defend their host against the ciliate predator Litonotus lamella. Although here only Euplotidium itoi and Euplotidium arenarium from tide pools along a rocky shore near Leghorn (Ligurian sea) were studied in detail, these epibionts are certainly present on specimens of E. itoi and on other Euplotidium species in similar north...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

سال: 2000

ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.030438197