Deterministic approach to design passive anomalous-diffraction metasurfaces with nearly 100% efficiency

Abstract Designing perfect anomalous reflectors is crucial for achieving many metasurface-based applications, but available design approaches the cases of extremely large bending angles either require unrealistic gain–loss materials or rely on brute-force optimizations lacking physical guidance. Here, we propose a deterministic approach to passive metasurfaces that can reflect impinging light arbitrary nonspecular directions with almost 100% efficiencies. With both incident and out-going far-field waves given, retrieve surface-impedance profile target metadevice by matching boundary conditions all allowed near-field modes added self-consistently then construct metadevices deterministically based meta-atoms exhibiting local responses. We design/fabricate two proof-of-concept microwave experimentally demonstrate first one achieves reflection 70° angle efficiency ∼98%, second generate multiple reflected beams desired power allocations. Our findings pave way realizing high-efficiency wave-control functionalities.