DIRECTED FAMILIES OF SETS AND CLOSEDNESS OF FUNCTIONS

a contrastive study of rhetorical functions of citation in iranian and international elt scopus journals

writing an academic article requires the researchers to provide support for their works by learning how to cite the works of others. various studies regarding the analysis of citation in m.a theses have been done, while little work has been done on comparison of citations among elt scopus journal articles, and so the dearth of research in this area demands for further investigation into citatio...

Minimizing Submodular Functions over Families of Sets

We consider the problem of characterizing the minimum of a submodular function when the minimization is restricted to a family of subsets. We show that, for many interesting cases, there exist two elements a and b of the groundset such that the problem is equivalent to the problem of minimizing the submodular function over the sets containing a but not b. This leads to a polynomial-time algorit...

the effects of cooperative versus individual directed reading thinking activities on students inferential and referential questions

two groups of students were assigned as experimental and control ones, and were given instruction on directed reading-thinking activities and after some treatment, they were post-tested. although the initial pre-test did not show any significant differences, the final post-test result revealed that the cooperative reading comprehension helped the experimental group. the cooperative students’...

Degrees of M-fuzzy families of independent L-fuzzy sets

The present paper studies fuzzy matroids in view of degree. First wegeneralize the notion of $(L,M)$-fuzzy independent structure byintroducing the degree of $M$-fuzzy family of independent $L$-fuzzysets with respect to a mapping from $L^X$ to $M$. Such kind ofdegrees is proved to satisfy some axioms similar to those satisfiedby $(L,M)$-fuzzy independent structure. ...

On Pre-θ-Open Sets and Two Classes of Functions