Does boundary distinguish complexities?

Reversing arrows in mediation models does not distinguish plausible models

Reversing arrows in the classic tri-variate X-M-Y mediation models as a test to check whether one mediation model is superior to another is inadmissible. Presenting evidence that one trivariate mediation model yields a significant indirect effect, whereas one with some reversed arrows does not, is not proof or even evidence that one model should be preferred. In fact, the significance of the in...

Complexities of complex contrast

For the visual system, luminance contrast is a fundamental property of images, and is one of the main inputs of any simulation of visual processing. Many models intended to evaluate visual properties such as image discriminability compute perceived contrast by using contrast sensitivity functions derived from studies of human spatial vision. Such use is of questionable validity even for such ap...

Dinoflagellate Life-cycle Complexities

Acknowledging the Complexities

RANDY THORNHILL AND CRAIG PALMER’S NEW BOOK A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion (2000a) sets up a stark contrast between evolutionary theory and feminist theory that performed perfectly in its intended role as a media hook (for a summary of the book, see Thronhill & Palmer, 2000b). The authors have appeared on CNN, Dateline, and other television programs, and on Natio...

Subword complexities and iteration

This paper is an overview of results' on the subword complexity of various classes of languages obtained by iterating a mapping, and more precisely on the asymptotic behaviour of this complexity. In the first section we consider iterated morphisms, that is DOL languages. In this area the subword complexity falls into one of five classes, and class membership can be determined. The second sectio...