Drought variability and land degradation in the Amazon River basin

The Amazon River Basin (ARB) plays an essential role in global climate regulation. Recent studies have revealed signs of increasing drought conditions different parts the basin. Although human activities degraded large areas, little work has been done to assess whether prolonged may exacerbate land degradation. Among methods for monitoring degradation, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 15.3.1 adopted by United Nations Convention Combat Desertification (UNCCD) allows a comprehensive assessment impacts degradation due its multi-factor nature and scalability. aims this study are twofold: 1) status using SDG from 2001 2020 basin; 2) explore relationship between detectability UNCCD approach long-term severity. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Precipitation-Evapotranspiration (SPEI), self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity (scPDSI) were used as indices. results 757,704 km 2 (12.67% basin) land, which was reflected downward trend productivity dynamics followed combined productivity, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) cover largest hotspot identified along southwestern boundary Basin. Furthermore, there strong evidence that detection through is sensitive drought, particularly when applied rainfed croplands.