Dynamic Focusing of Large Arrays for Wireless Power Transfer and Beyond

We present architectures, circuits, and algorithms for dynamic 3-D lensing focusing of electromagnetic power in radiative near- far-field regions by arrays that can be arbitrary nonuniform. They benefit applications such as wireless transfer at a distance (WPT-AD), volumetric sensing imaging, high-throughput communications, optical phased arrays. Theoretical limits on system performance are calculated. An adaptive algorithm focuses the receiver(s) without prior knowledge its location(s). It uses orthogonal bases to change phases multiple elements simultaneously enhance range. One class 2-D pseudo-orthogonal masks is constructed using Hadamard pseudo-Hadamard matrices. Generation recovery units (GU RU) work collaboratively focus energy quickly reliably with no need factory calibration. Orthogonality enables batch processing high-latency low-rate communication settings. Secondary vector-based calculations allow instantaneous refocusing different locations element-wise calculations. emulator further evaluation system. demonstrate modular WPT-AD GUs up 400 utilizing 65-nm CMOS ICs RUs convert RF dc. Each RFIC synthesizes 16 independently phase-controlled outputs around 10 GHz from common single low-frequency reference. Detailed measurements feasibility effectiveness techniques presented this article. More than 2 W dc recovered through distances greater 1 m. The dynamically project various angles These developments another step toward unified power, sensing, solutions future.