Effect of Water Regime, Nitrogen Level, and Biostimulant Application on the Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wild Rocket [Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC]

The use of biostimulants in agriculture is an emerging technique that can contribute to improved production and resource efficiency. This research was carried out southern Italy evaluate the biostimulating effects seaweed extract (SW) azoxystrobin (AZ) on wild rocket subjected two water regimes (WRs) three nitrogen levels (NLs), grown pots under unheated greenhouse conditions. following treatments were compared: (i) WRs: restoration 100% (WR100) 50% (WR50) crop evapotranspiration; (ii) NLs: 0 (N0), 75 (N75), or 150 (N150) kg ha−1 N; (iii) (BSs): untreated control (C), application AZ SW. paper reports N uptake (Nup), efficiency (NUE), (WUE). indicators NUE assessed: apparent recovery (RE), internal utilization (IE), partial productivity factor (PFPn) supplied, agronomic (AE), physiological (PE). WUE photosynthetic (p_WUE), yield (Y_WUE), biomass (B_WUE), irrigation (IY_WUE). affected differently by treatments. RE 20% higher with IE AZ. PFPn increased 10.4 8.1% SW, respectively. AE 10.9 19.9% after applying PE rose 6.7 9.3% SW p_WUE, mainly deficit (interaction WR × BS). With application, Y_WUE, B_WUE, IY_WUE 17.8, 13.8, 19.3%, respectively, while resulted a smaller increase (9.5–7.7 9.9%). shown be effective through moderate improvement rocket’s more at improving p_WUE conditions, proving particularly useful for farmers operating scarcity. Therefore, they provide valuable support sustainability use.