Effects of hump deflection angle on streamwise vortex instability over a yawed cone at Mach 6

This paper investigates the influence of three-dimensional smooth humps with varying deflection angles (φ) on linear stability streamwise vortices over a yawed cone 7° half-angle at 6° angle-of-attack, free-stream Mach number 6, and unit Reynolds 1.0×107/m. The steady laminar flow is obtained using direct numerical simulations. eN method based global theory used to predict transition location along centerline leeward side cone. results reveal that φ plays significant role in outward vortex generation location, smaller values effectively delaying generation. Moreover, there qualitative relationship between instability inward/outward structure characteristics base Namely, delay effect proportional vortex, which provides insights into control induced by vortices. In particular, configuration hump φ=9° height 0.57 times local boundary layer thickness delays approximately 38.2% critical N-factor (Ntr=12.5) without significantly increasing inner mode.