Efficient designs of gene-environment interaction studies: implications of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and gene-environment independence

Efficient designs of gene-environment interaction studies: implications of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and gene-environment independence.

It is important to investigate whether genetic susceptibility variants exercise the same effects in populations that are differentially exposed to environmental risk factors. Here, we assess the power of four two-stage case-control design strategies for assessing multiplicative gene-environment (G-E) interactions or for assessing genetic or environmental effects in the presence of G-E interacti...

Testing for Sufficient-Cause Gene-Environment Interactions Under the Assumptions of Independence and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.

To detect gene-environment interactions, a logistic regression model is typically fitted to a set of case-control data, and the focus is on testing of the cross-product terms (gene × environment) in the model. A significant result is indicative of a gene-environment interaction under a multiplicative model for disease odds. Based on the sufficient-cause model for rates, in this paper we put for...

Estimating Risks and Relative Risks in Case-Base Studies under the Assumptions of Gene-Environment Independence and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Many diseases result from the interactions between genes and the environment. An efficient method has been proposed for a case-control study to estimate the genetic and environmental main effects and their interactions, which exploits the assumptions of gene-environment independence and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. To estimate the absolute and relative risks, one needs to resort to an alternativ...

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Testing and Interpretation: Focus on infection

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) holds when, in a closed population with random mating and without mutation and natural selection, genotype frequencies at any locus is a simple function of allele frequencies. Testing for HWE is now a common practice in population genetics and genetic association studies of non-communicable diseases; however, it is less-regarded, or sometimes miss-interpreted, i...

Detecting Rare Haplotype-Environment Interaction under Uncertainty of Gene- Environment Independence Assumption