Enhancing Immune Responses to Cancer Vaccines Using Multi-Site Injections
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Immune responses to pertussis vaccines and disease.
In this article we discuss the following: (1) acellular vaccines are immunogenic, but responses vary by vaccine; (2) pertussis antibody levels rapidly wane but promptly increase after vaccination; (3) whole-cell vaccines vary in immunogenicity and efficacy; (4) whole-cell vaccines and naturally occurring pertussis generate predominantly T-helper 1 (Th1) responses, whereas acellular vaccines gen...
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Clinical evaluation of therapeutic tumor vaccines has resulted in examination and comparison of the types of immune function assays required to monitor tumor antigen-stimulated T cell effector function in immunized patients. Three of the most commonly used assays include ELISPOT, tetramer assay, and cytokine flow cytometry (CFC). Discussed are the method and principles for each assay and an ass...
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DNA vaccines have emerged as an attractive strategy to promote protective cellular and humoral immunity against the encoded antigen. DNA vaccines are easy to generate, inexpensive to produce and purify at large-scale, highly stable and safe. In addition, plasmids used for DNA vaccines act as powerful "danger signals" by stimulating several DNA-sensing innate immune receptors that promote the in...
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The persistent immune activation that is typical of HIV-1 and SIV infection results in exhaustion and dysfunction of T and B cells; in T cells, this is marked by increased expression and signaling through the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1). Targeting this exhaustion pathway could result in improved antiviral immune responses, but there have been concerns that it would also lead t...
متن کاملMaternal antibodies and infant immune responses to vaccines.
Infants are born with immature immune systems, making it difficult for them to effectively respond to the infectious pathogens encountered shortly after birth. Maternal antibody is actively transported across the placenta and serves to provide protection to the newborn during the first weeks to months of life. However, maternal antibody has been shown repeatedly to inhibit the immune responses ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Scientific Reports
سال: 2017
ISSN: 2045-2322
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08665-9