Experimental Regulations and Regulatory ­Sandboxes – Law Without Order?

Heart disease, guidelines, regulations, and the law.

The practice of cardiology is increasingly constrained by guidelines, regulations, and legal considerations. Cardiologists, like any other group of doctors, have a primary duty of care to individual patients, but also have wider responsibilities to society in general, to their institution, and to their colleagues. In the UK these duties and responsibilities have been defined by the General Medi...

Trade Without Law: Private-Order Institutions in Mexican California

Trade prospered in absence of law in California during the 1830s and 1840s. Merchants, through intermerchant trade and the partnerships they organized to buy goods abroad, played a central role in trade. This article examines the privateorder institution that facilitated intermerchant trade. The hypothesis is that a particular type of private-order institution, a coalition, governed agency rela...

Order without law? Property rights during the California gold rush

The paper reconsiders the nature of mining districts and property rights during the California gold rush. According to a widely accepted view advanced by Umbeck [Explorations in Economic History 14 (1977) 197; A Theory of Property Rights with Application to the California Gold Rush. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, 1981], in the absence of effective legal authority, district codes establi...

HEART DISEASE , GUIDELINES , REGULATIONS , AND THE LAW M C Petch

The practice of cardiology is increasingly constrained by guidelines, regulations, and legal considerations. Cardiologists, like any other group of doctors, have a primary duty of care to individual patients, but also have wider responsibilities to society in general, to their institution, and to their colleagues. In the UK these duties and responsibilities have been defined by the General Medi...

Sanctions, Law and Public Order