Extracardiac Abnormalities of Preload Reserve

While many of the cardiac limitations to exercise performance are now well-characterized, extracardiac have been less well recognized but nevertheless important. We propose that abnormalities preload reserve represents an under-recognized common cause limitations. further mechanistic links exist between conditions as seemingly disparate heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and pelvic venous compression/obstruction syndromes (eg, May-Thurner). conclude serve a major pathophysiologic mechanism underlying these other disease states.