Fate of heavy metals in Swarna rice after traditional cooking and submerged fermentation linked to bacterial interactions

This research aimed to assess the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn in Swarna rice (NR) collected from Kaharole, Biral, Sadar Upazilla Dinajpur their reduction by cooking associated submerged fermentation. The levels were lower than individual metal’s safe limit, but (Pb) found at 0.2582, 0.9028, 0.9164, 0.7303, 0.8574, 0.6440, 0.6622 mg/kg SR02, SR04, SR05, SR06, SR07, SR08, SR09 NR samples, respectively, which higher limit. Notably, reduced hazard index (HI) was standard limit 1 for all fermented (FR) samples boiled (BR) except SR05. Six different Streptococcus sp. strains identified FR that suggested Streptococcal involvement leaching HMs during submerged-fermentation. Consequently, compared NR, cumulative carcinogenic risk declined several folds FR. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 46(1); 85-99: June 2022