Firm and Industry Level Profit Efficiency Analysis Under Incomplete Price Data: A Nonparametric Approach Based on Absolute and Uniform Shadow Prices

Carbon leakage under incomplete environmental regulation: An industry-level approach

Carbon leakage is a major concern for policymakers involved with environmental initiatives such as the European Union’s emissions trading scheme and similar capand-trade proposals in the United States, Australia, and elsewhere. This paper provides a framework for understanding the drivers underlying carbon leakage at the level of an individual sector in which only a subset of …rms is covered by...

task-based language teaching in iran: a mixed study through constructing and validating a new questionnaire based on theoretical, sociocultural, and educational frameworks

جنبه های گوناگونی از زندگی در ایران را از جمله سبک زندگی، علم و امکانات فنی و تکنولوژیکی می توان کم یا بیش وارداتی در نظر گرفت. زبان انگلیسی و روش تدریس آن نیز از این قاعده مثتسنی نیست. با این حال گاهی سوال پیش می آید که آیا یک روش خاص با زیر ساخت های نظری، فرهنگی اجتماعی و آموزشی جامعه ایرانی سازگاری دارد یا خیر. این تحقیق بر اساس روش های ترکیبی انجام شده است.پرسش نامه ای نیز برای زبان آموزان ...

the effects of multiple intelligences (focus on musical, visual, and linguistic) and direct instruction on learning grammar: a case on iranian efl students at elementary level

1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

An Empirical Analysis Based on Firm-level Data

Innovation and Idiosyncratic Risk: an Industry and Firm Level Analysis

Recent studies find that idiosyncratic risk (IR), the degree to which firm specific returns are more volatile than aggregate market returns, has increased since the 1960’s and attribute this to economy wide factors such as the role of the IT revolution. To gain further insights into why IR has increased over time, our paper uses industry level data and firm level data to study if firms and indu...