Form-finding of Bionic Structures Using the Force Density Method and Topological Mapping
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ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a modified formulation of the force density method by adopting finite element method procedures and replacing each edge of a 3-node or 4-node membrane element with a linear line element. The membrane element model, not the cable-net model, is used fo
Force Density Method is a well-known form-finding method for discrete networks that is based on geometrical equilibrium of forces and could be used to design efficient structural forms. The choice of force density distribution along the structure is mostly upon user which in most
This paper presents a worst case approach for robust geometry and topology optimization of plane frames with global stability constraint. Uncertainty is assumed to exist in the nodal locations cross-sectional areas, values objective constraint functions are relaxed quantile struc