Fractonic superfluids. II. Condensing subdimensional particles
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this paper, we develop an exotic fractonic superfluid phase in $d$-dimensional space where subdimensional particles -- their mobility is \emph{partially} restricted are condensed. The off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) investigated. To demonstrate, consider "lineons" a particle whose free only certain one-dimensional directions. We start with $d$-component microscopic Hamiltonian model. model respects higher-rank symmetry such that both numbers of each component and angular charge moments conserved quantities. By performing the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation, derive set Gross-Pitaevskii equations Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian, which leads to unified description gapless phonons gapped rotons. With coherent-path-integral representation, also long-wavelength effective field theory Goldstone modes analyze quantum fluctuations around classical ground states. Euler-Lagrange Noether charges/currents studied. two spatial dimensions higher, ODLRO stays stable against fluctuations. Finally, study vortex configurations. enforces hierarchy point excitations structure dominated by guiding statements. Specially, construct types excitations, conventional dipole vortices. latter carries dimension as momentum. statements can be more generally applicable. Several future directions discussed.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physical review research
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2643-1564']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.013226