Fragrance materials (FMs) affect the larval development of the copepod Acartia tonsa: An emerging issue for marine ecosystems

Fragrance materials (FMs) are used in a variety of detergents and cosmetics, including household personal care products. Despite their widespread use the growing evidence occurrence surface waters worldwide, very little is known about toxicity towards marine species, key component food webs such as copepods. Thus, we investigated six more long-lasting stable commercial fragrances, Amyl Salicylate (AMY), Oranger Crystals (ORA), Hexyl (HEX), Ambrofix (AMB), Peonile (PEO), Benzyl (BZS), to assess ability impair larval development calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. FMs inhibited A. tonsa significantly at concentrations by far lower than effect-concentrations reported literature for aquatic species. The toxic were HEX (EC50 = 57 ng L−1), AMY 131 L−1) ORA 766 while other three compounds exerted effects higher 1000 L−1 (LOEC PEO BZS, 10,000 AMB). Early life-stage mortality was unaffected all tested concentrations. A comparison with water confirmed that FMs, especially AMY, may act contaminants potential concern many habitats, urban areas remote polar environments.