Fundamental Frequency Optimization of Variable Angle Tow Laminates with Embedded Gap Defects

Variable stiffness composite laminates can improve the structural performance of structures by expanding design space. This work explores application variable laminated to maximize fundamental frequency optimizing tow angle. To this end, an optimization framework is developed fiber angle for each layer based on maximization frequency. It assumed that process includes manufacturing constraints encountered in automated placement and a linear variation. The current study improves existing results considering embedded gap defects within framework. plates are symmetric, with clamped simply supported boundary conditions. optimal comparison between non-steered steered without gaps presented. Results show that, although deteriorate performance, steering still lead increase depending plate’s geometry