Holistic Energy Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness Model for Short-Sea Vessels with Alternative Power Systems Considering Realistic Fuel Pathways and Workloads

Energy requirements push the shipping industry towards more energy-efficient ships, while environmental regulations influence development of environmentally friendly ships by replacing fossil fuels with alternatives. Current mathematical models for ship energy efficiency, which set analysis boundaries at level power system, are not able to consider alternative as a powering option. In this paper, efficiency and emissions index formulated systems, considering three different impacts on environment (global warming, acidification, eutrophication) realistic fuel pathways workloads. Besides diesel, applications options such electricity, methanol, liquefied natural gas, hydrogen, ammonia considered. By extending from system complete cycle, it is possible compare within considered fleet, or whole sector, viewpoint friendliness. The applicability model illustrated Croatian ro-ro passenger fleet. A technical measure implementation in combination an operational speed reduction results even greater increase efficiency. Analysis impact voluntary systems resulted identification optimal specific percentage design speed.