How close are formal and informal work?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Formal Software Verification: How Close Are We?
Spin and its immediate predecessors were originally designed for the verification of data communication protocols. It didn’t take long, though, for us to realize that a data communications protocol is just a special case of a general distributed process system, with asynchronously executing and interacting concurrent processes. This covers both multithreaded software systems with shared memory,...
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Informal Reading Inventories (IRI) are often recommended as instructionally relevant measures of reading. However, they have also been criticized for inattention to technical quality. Examination of reliability evidence in nine recently revised IRIs revealed that fewer than half report reliability. Several appear to have sufficient reliability for lower stakes decisions such as selection of cla...
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A long line of legal scholarship has examined how formal or legal sanctions can deter misbehavior or facilitate cooperation. A second strand of legal scholarship asks how informal or reputational sanctions can accomplish these same goals. Insufficient attention has been paid to why, in reality, these two kinds of sanctions often co-exist and how they interact with each other. This paper attempt...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy
سال: 2017
ISSN: 0144-333X
DOI: 10.1108/ijssp-06-2016-0071