How Engineers Use Evolution to Invent Things

How to Invent Functions

The paper presents the abstraction transformation which is a fundamental method for creating functions in ADATE. The use of abstraction turns out to be similar to evolution by gene duplication which is emerging as the most important theory of \building blocks" in natural genomes. We discuss the relationship between abstraction and its natural counterparts, but also give novel technical details ...

Uh Engineers Invent Glucose-sensing Contact Lens

How to Use Glutaraldehyde

 الهای متمادی است که سرویس های بهداشتی گلوتار آلدئید را بعنوان یک ماده استریل کننده برای وسایلی که نسبت به گرما حساس هستند مورد استفاده قرار می دهند. همزمان با افزایش تقاضا برای استفاده از اندوسکوپی، استفاده از گلوتار آلدئید و تماس با آن نیز افزایش یافته است. باید خاطر نشان ساخت گلوتار آلدئید می تواند سبب ایجاد حساسیت های پوستی، چشمی و تنفسی گردد که نهایتاً امکان دارد این حساسیت به آسم و رنیت آل...

How to Divide Things Fairly

We analyze a simple sequential algorithm (SA) for allocating indivisible items that are strictly ranked by n ≥ 2 players. It yields at least one Pareto-optimal allocation which, when n = 2, is envy-free unless no envy-free allocation exists. However, an SA allocation may not be maximin or Borda maximin—maximize the minimum rank, or the Borda score, of the items received by a player. Although SA...

How students invent representations of motion A genetic account

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate, through example, a particular approach to understanding how students learn to use scientific and mathematical representations. Much of the work in these fields has been focused on a microanalysis of how students use specific representations, such as line graphs and equations, and on the particular difficulties that students have with these representat...