How transport costs depend on infrastructure?

Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage and Transport Costs Non-technical Summary: Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage and Transport Costs

The real costs of trade – the transport and other costs of doing business internationally – are important determinants of a country's ability to participate fully in the world economy. Remoteness and poor transport and communications infrastructure isolate countries, inhibiting their participation in global production networks. Recent liberalizations have reduced artificial trade barriers, and ...

Infrastructure , Geographical Disadvantage and Transport Costs

We use several different data sets to investigate the dependence of transport costs on geography and infrastructure. Poor infrastructure accounts for 40% of predicted transport costs for coastal countries and 60% for landlocked. Landlocked countries can substantially reduce their high transport costs through improvements in own and transit countries' infrastructure. Analysis of bilateral trade ...

The energetics of running stability: costs of transport in grass-cutting ants depend on fragment shape.

Grass-cutting ants (Atta vollenweideri) carry fragments that can be many times heavier and longer than the ants themselves and it is important for them to avoid falling over during load transport. To investigate whether the energetic costs of transport are affected by the need to maintain stability, the rate of CO(2) production was measured in both unladen workers and workers carrying standardi...

Optimum ordering policies when order costs depend on time

— This paper considers optimum ordering policies minimizing the expected cost per unit time in the steady-state. It is assumed that a lead time for the spare is constant and order costs depend on time. It is shown in theorem that there exists afinite and unique optimum ordering policy under certain conditions.

How Transport Costs Shape the Spatial Pattern of Economic Activity