<i>Colloquium</i> : Multiscale modeling of brain network organization

A complete understanding of the brain requires an integrated description numerous scales neural organization. It means studying interplay genes, synapses, and even whole regions which ultimately leads to different types behavior, from perception action, while asleep or awake. Yet, multiscale modeling is challenging, in part because difficulty access simultaneously information multiple spatiotemporal scales. While some insights have been gained on role specific microcircuits (e.g., thalamocortical), a comprehensive characterization how changes occurring at one scale can impact other ones, remains poorly understood. Recent efforts address this gap include development new analytical tools mostly adapted network science dynamical systems theory. These theoretical contributions provide powerful framework analyze model interconnected complex exhibiting interactions within between scales, layers. Here, we present recent advances for organization terms structure-function, oscillation frequencies temporal evolution. Efforts are reviewed multilayer properties underlying higher-order neuronal assemblies, as well identification multimodal network-based biomarkers pathologies, such Alzheimer's disease. We conclude Colloquium with perspective discussion results theory, involving generative modeling, controllability machine learning, could be adopted questions modern neuroscience.