Impact of signalling system on capacity – Comparing legacy ATC, ETCS level 2 and ETCS hybrid level 3 systems

Most railways use fixed block technology, which could be replaced with moving technology associated high cost. It is therefore interesting to gradually upgrade the signalling system exploiting hybrid technologies. This paper aims investigate impact on capacity of various systems (including and technology) using a microscopic simulation tool under scheduled (static) conditions without considering probability functions. To perform comparative analysis between European Train Control System (ETCS) Hybrid Level 3, ETCS 2, Swedish ATC2 legacy system, three scenarios are designed consumption considered as performance indicator. The study was performed central section Stockholm's commuter train network peak hour from 2020 timetable. results show that L2 delivers lower in total compared system. 3 existing trackside detection partially shortened sections ATC2. implementation solutions such addition allowing for gradual upgrading next generation (moving system) can improve high-density lines. • Comparative (HL3), Stockholm’s network. HL3 TTD