In Vitro and In Vivo Biocontrol of Tomato Fusarium Wilt by Extracts from Brown, Red, and Green Macroalgae

Fusarium wilt caused by oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) in tomatoes is globally recognized as one of the most significant tomato diseases, both fields and greenhouses. Macroalgae contain a diversity bioactive complexes. This research was carried out to assess value extracts from three macroalgae (Sargassum dentifolium belongs Phaeophyta, Gracilaria compressa Rhodophyta, Ulva lactuca Chlorophyta) against disease plants. The fungal pathogen isolated diseased plants growing several parts Saudi Arabia. Isolates were identified morphological molecular methods. Three organic solvents, addition water, used for extraction effect reducing FOL hyphal growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Radial reductions seen with all solvent water extracts, but methanol that tested showed greatest reduction growth. total phenol content S. extract higher than other two macroalgae. phenolic compounds variability calculated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phloroglucinol (7.34 mg/g dry weight), vanillic acid (7.28 gallic (6.89 weight) highest concentrations dentifolium, G. compressa, U. respectively. mycelium treated crude at 100 µg/mL examined scanning electron microscope. results an obvious difference between extract-treated untreated hyphae. hyphae collapsed bruised, well as; empty dead. In greenhouse experiment, powder evaluate its decline. It led decrease severity 40.8%. yield (560.8 g) obtained powder. We recommend use combat phytopathogens. Because chemical fungicides are extremely toxic humans environment, good alternative can be widely safely field.