Induction of Peripheral T Cell Tolerance by Antigen-Presenting B Cells. II. Chronic Antigen Presentation Overrules Antigen-Presenting B Cell Activation

Induction of peripheral T cell tolerance by antigen-presenting B cells. II. Chronic antigen presentation overrules antigen-presenting B cell activation.

Ag presentation in the absence of danger signals and Ag persistence are the inductive processes of peripheral T cell tolerization proposed so far. Nevertheless, it has never been definitively shown that chronic Ag presentation per se can induce T cell tolerance independent of the state of activation of APCs. In the present work, we investigated whether chronic Ag presentation by either resting ...

Induction of peripheral T cell tolerance by antigen-presenting B cells. I. Relevance of antigen presentation persistence.

Various mechanisms of peripheral T cell tolerization have evolved to avoid responses mediated by autoreactive T cells that have not been eliminated in the thymus. In this study, we investigated the peripheral conditions of Ag presentation required to induce T cell tolerance when the predominant APCs are B cells. We show that transient Ag presentation, in absence of inflammation and in a self-co...

Persistence Antigen - Presenting B Cells . I . Relevance of Induction of Peripheral T Cell Tolerance by Ricciardi - Castagnoli and Francesca Granucci

The Immunomodulatory Effect of Cyclophosphamide on Regulation of T-Cell Subsets and Antigen Presenting Cells.

B cell antigen extraction is regulated by physical properties of antigen-presenting cells

Antibody production and affinity maturation are driven by B cell extraction and internalization of antigen from immune synapses. However, the extraction mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we develop DNA-based nanosensors to interrogate two previously proposed mechanisms, enzymatic liberation and mechanical force. Using antigens presented by either artificial substrates or live cells, we ...