Influence of angled dispersion gas on coaxial atomization, spray and flame formation in the context of spray-flame synthesis of nanoparticles

Abstract Liquid atomization determines the initial conditions for flame formation and particle synthesis. Without a stable flame, high droplet velocities thus short residence time in may lead to droplets being injected into an extinguished which influences synthesis final output. An experimental investigation of spray stability is performed through high-speed visualization. Targeted variation nozzle geometry applied improve spray-flame interaction compared standardized burner. Timescales density fluctuations are quantified compared, where latter were significantly larger hence not correlated. Instead, dispersion gas forms barrier between phase pilot flame; hence, ignition depends on large liquid lumps with radial momentum break ignition. Angling flow increases shear turbulence leads refined improved stability. To investigate influence formation, characteristics examined by online offline analytics focus structures product purity. The modified produced smaller primary sizes, indicating sensitivity sintering dominance geometry. Impurities impact examination general functionality. Carbon contamination was apparent synthesized particles also indicated Discrepancies literature data discussed regarding differences activity characteristics. report highlights, how can differ crucially due changes despite comparable operating conditions. Graphic abstract