Innate Immune Invisible Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles—Framework for Synthesis and Evaluation

Nanomedicine is seen as a potential central player in the delivery of personalized medicine. Biocompatibility issues nanoparticles have largely been resolved over past decade. Despite their tremendous progress, less than 1% applied nanosystems can hit intended target location, such solid tumor, and this remains an obstacle to full ability with high translational value. Therefore, achieving immune-tolerable, blood-compatible, biofriendly unmet need. The success nanoformulations from bench bedside involves thorough assessment design, compatibility beyond cytotoxicity immune toxicity, blood compatibility, immune-mediated destruction/rejection/clearance profile. Here, we report one-pot process-engineered synthesis ultrasmall gold (uGNPs) suitable for better body renal clearance payloads. We obtained uGNP sizes low 3 nm engineered allow them be accurately sized (almost nanometer by nanometer). synthesized uGNPs are biocompatible easily functionalized carry drugs, peptides, antibodies, other therapeutic molecules. performed vitro cell viability assays, immunotoxicity inflammatory cytokine analysis, complement activation study, coagulation studies confirm safety. These help set up long-term safety-benefit framework experimentation reveal whether any designed immune-tolerable used payload carriers next-generation vaccines, chemotherapeutic theranostic agents deep tissue penetration.