Intra-BRICS Trade: A Panel Data Analysis with Structural Breaks

This article attempts to examine the recent developments that have amplified consequences of uncertainty regarding trade between Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries under global economic turmoil such as occurred in 2008 financial crisis wars sparked by USA COVID-19 pandemic. These events severely affected intraBRICS investment. For this purpose, we employed Westerlund Edgerton cointegration approach check for structural breaks procedure asymmetric Granger non-causality test assess causal relationship custom tariff export variables BRICS with regard panel data methodology 2000-2020 period using annual data. The empirical results indicate presence a long-term relationship; other words, they are seen move together investigation. estimated breakpoints correspond ongoing 2018-2020 rising disputes China. In addition, provides enough evidence show opposite directions (signs) links run from tariffs exports countries.