Introduction to System Analysis

An introduction to theological foundations of interest in legislational system

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An Introduction to Speech Sciences (Acoustic Analysis of Speech)

Speech sciences deal with the acoustical characteristics of speech by means of sophisticated soft wares as well as hard wares. Although, a speech science is a well known science in the developed countries, especially the western societies, however, it has been remained almost unknown in Iran, though, in recent years a group of scholars have been involved in this branch of science. The applicati...

Introduction to System Strategies

Trustworthiness can no longer be predicted by building software systems from discrete, isolated pieces that address static requirements within planned cost and schedule. Each new or updated component joins an existing operational environment and must merge with that legacy to form an operational whole. Today’s technology must support an operating environment that is driven by business goals and...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...