(INVITED) Fluorescent probes for optical investigation of the plasma membrane

The biological functions of the cell membrane are regulated by its physicochemical properties, such as transmembrane potential, phase state and hydration. Therefore, in situ investigation these properties is attracting a rising interest field biophysics. In regards, wide variety fluorescent probes has been developed, providing powerful tools for fluorescence microscopy and/or spectroscopy to study microscopic analogs viscosity, polarity, hydration, well molecular order electrostatic potential at sites their location. Despite success this approach, further developments rely on design with optimized photophysical properties. This review discusses most successful application plasma lipid potential.