Involvement of distant octacalcium phosphate scaffolds in enhancing early differentiation of osteocytes during bone regeneration

This study hypothesized that distant octacalcium phosphate (OCP) scaffolds may enhance osteocyte differentiation in newly formed bone matrices. The results obtained were compared with those of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (OCP hydrolyzate, referred to as HL hereafter). Granular OCP and HL, 300–500 µm diameter, implanted critical-sized rat calvarial defects for eight weeks subjected histology, immunohistochemistry, histomorphometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Early from an osteoblastic cell line (IDG-SW3) was examined using materials without contacting the surfaces 10 days. material properties medium composition analyzed through selected area diffraction (SAED) TEM observation curve fitting Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. number positive cells earlier marker podoplanin (PDPN) matrices, along direction formation, significantly higher than HL. ultrastructure around observed by showed infiltration some cells, including osteocytes adjacent surface layers. structure remained unchanged SAED analysis. Nanoparticle deposition hydrolysis on detected FT-IR, respectively, during early vitro. saturation degree varied accord ionic dissolution, resulting possible formation but not These suggested stimulates matrix a distance its metastable chemical properties. demonstrated calvaria is capable enhancing embedded even when separated osteocytes. prominent bioactive property comparing vivo vitro performances control material, hydrolyzate). findings elucidated which parallel new growth osteoblasts. Therefore, should stimulate dissolution owing properties, previously reported (Acta Biomater 69:362, 2018).