Laboratory Practice for Beginners in Botany

Frequency of Errors in Clinical Laboratory Practice

  Background and Objective: Laboratory errors are one of the major factors that affect the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and monitoring in patients.The objective of study is to evaluate the frequency and type of errors in different phases of testing at the Pathology Department of the Shalamar Hospital, Lahore and to evaluate the causes of errors. Methods: This observational study was carrie...

Botany :

By the law of mutually exclusive events, the distribution of a' when s' is known can be found by integrating the present p(a)p(cr)dadu over all o. Equation (9) is then in fact obtained, showing the consistency of the results given in these papers. Equation (9) is the answer to question'(A); and while the answer to question (A) has thus been shown to follow from the answer to question (B), the m...

Quantum computing for beginners

The paper introduces the basic concepts and principles behind quantum computing and examines in detail Shor’s quantum algorithm for factoring very large numbers. Some basic methodological principles and guidelines for constructing quantum algorithms are stated. The aim is not to provide a formal exposition of quantum computing but to identify its novelty and potential use in tackling NP-hard pr...

Biotechnology for Beginners

NS Simulator for Beginners

NS-2 is an open-source discrete event network simulator which is widely used by both the research community as well as by the people involved in the standardization protocols of IETF. The goal of this book is twofold: on one hand to learn how to use the NS-2 simulator, and on the other hand, to become acquainted with and to understand the operation of some of the simulated objects using NS-2 si...