Lamina propria: The functional center of the bladder?

Contractile activity of the bladder urothelium and lamina propria

the effect of functional/notional approach on the proficiency level of efl learners and its evaluation through functional test

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

Adrenoceptor function and expression in bladder urothelium and lamina propria.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adrenoceptor subtypes in regulating the spontaneous contractile activity of the inner lining of the urinary bladder (urothelium/lamina propria). MATERIALS AND METHODS The responses of isolated strips of porcine urothelium/lamina propria to noradrenaline, phenylephrine, and isoprenaline were obtained in the absence and presence of receptor subtype-selective...

Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic, non-purinergic contractions of the urothelium/lamina propria of the pig bladder.

Acetylcholine, and to a lesser extent ATP, mediates neurogenic contractions of bladder smooth muscle. Recently, the urothelium and lamina propria have also been shown to have contractile properties, but the neurotransmitters involved in mediating responses to nerve stimulation have not been investigated. Isolated strips of porcine urothelium with lamina propria were electrically field stimulate...

Rhythmic Calcium Events in the Lamina Propria Network of the Urinary Bladder of Rat Pups

The lamina propria contains a dense network of cells, including interstitial cells (ICs), that may play a role in bladder function by modulating communication between urothelium, nerve fibers and smooth muscle or acting as pacemakers. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels allow cation influx and may be involved in sensing stretch or chemical irritation in urinary bladder. Ur...