Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of Stirling-cycle-based heat pumps vs. conventional boilers

Heat pumps (HPs) which use low temperature (waste) heat and renewable energy sources to provide high are widely regarded as a critical technology for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the industrial sector. The HighLift considered here can output up around 200 °C. This article focuses on Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) method its economic evaluation of different industrial-scale heating methods i.e., Stirling-cycle-based pump, fossil fuel oil-fired boiler (OB), bio (BOB), natural gas-fired (NGB) biogas-fired (BGB). Many input parameters boundary conditions apply Sweden, where pump is located. Findings from this study suggest that when comparing life cycle costs all these technologies give more benefits than or biofuel-fired conventional boilers. For typical 15-year lifespan, total cost decreases following order OB > BOB NGB BGB SC-HP. indicates replacing boilers with despite an increased initial cost, would still be cost-effective option due lower operating maintenance costs.