Life cycle energy and carbon emissions of colorants extraction from Hibiscus sabdariffa
نویسندگان
چکیده
The food industry is interested in new plant-based, non-toxic, additives to substitute synthetic ones. Aiming support the development of H. sabdariffa bio-colorant extracts at an early stage, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used evaluate primary energy (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) three extraction processes: maceration (A), ultrasound-assisted (UAE) during 36.5 min (B), UAE 11.5 (C). Impacts feedstock production were not included since goal focus on methods developed. Results showed that electricity consumption, consequently, local electric mix, are factors influence most CED GWP. Spray-drying unit process with highest impacts all scenarios (representing more than 80% GWP). Overall, from GWP results, same trend identified: by within (B) has best environmental performance, presenting lowest (109 MJ), carbon emissions (5 kg CO2-eq) obtain 1 g colorant extract. On average, scenario B 30.5% lower CO2-eq (A) 71.5% for
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Energy Reports
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2352-4847']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.034