Macrophage activation by endogenous danger signals

Activation of inflammasome and protein secretion by endogenous danger and microbe-derived signals in human macrophages

HMGB1: endogenous danger signaling.

While foreign pathogens and their products have long been known to activate the innate immune system, the recent recognition of a group of endogenous molecules that serve a similar function has provided a framework for understanding the overlap between the inflammatory responses activated by pathogens and injury. These endogenous molecules, termed alarmins, are normal cell constituents that can...

The endogenous danger signals HSP70 and MICA cooperate in the activation of cytotoxic effector functions of NK cells

Although natural killer (NK) cells are often described as first line defence against infected or malignant cells which act without the need of prior activation, it is known now that the NK cell activity is tightly regulated by other cells and soluble factors. We show here that the stress-inducible heat shock protein (HSP) 70 activates human NK cells to kill target cells expressing major histoco...

Danger Signals in Cardiovascular Disease

1 Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany 2 Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany 3 Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, UK 4Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medic...

Toll-like receptor 4 in experimental kidney transplantation: early mediator of endogenous danger signals.

The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been described in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, but data on the expression and function of TLR4 during renal allograft damage are still scarce. We analyzed the expression of TLR4 in an experimental rat model 6 and 28 days after allogeneic kidney transplantation in comparison to control rats and rats after syngeneic transplantat...