Manganese oxide nano-platforms in cancer therapy: Recent advances on the development of synergistic strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment

The use of inorganic nanomaterials to tackle and exploit the intrinsic chemical nature tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnxOy) offer unique advantages terms redox properties specificity towards TME scenario: low O2 concentrations, mildly acidic pH high oxidative stress; environmental conditions that often lead reduction efficacy treatments. MnxOy-based nanoplatforms have recently demonstrated exciting nanocatalysts operate under constraints. Alternatively, Mn-nanocatalysts also displayed synergistic anticancer response combination with other active co-adjuvant elements (drugs, enzymes or nanomaterials). aim this review is provide new insights on main functionalities Mn-based applied We analyze its capacity oxygen supplier hypoxic scenarios, role induce selective depletion glutathione (GSH) maximize cell stress promote starvation therapy via glucose oxidation. at providing an insightful view operating mechanisms behind each these critical processes highlight versatility catalytic richness developing field. general comprehensive analysis Mn fate when trafficking through intracellular levels.