Microbial Biotransformation of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Soil – A Review

A critical review of neonicotinoid insecticides for developmental neurotoxicity

A comprehensive review of published and previously unpublished studies was performed to evaluate the neonicotinoid insecticides for evidence of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). These insecticides have favorable safety profiles, due to their preferential affinity for nicotinic receptor (nAChR) subtypes in insects, poor penetration of the mammalian blood-brain barrier, and low application rates...

Neonicotinoid insecticides and bees

Effect of four organophosphorus insecticides on microbial activities in soil.

Laboratory tests were conducted with four organophosphorus insecticides, Bay 37289 (O-ethyl O-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethylphosphonothioate), diazinon [O,O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate], Dursban (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), and Zinophos (O,O-diethyl O-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate), applied to a sandy loam at rates of 10 and 100 mug...

Risks of neonicotinoid insecticides to honeybees

The European honeybee, Apis mellifera, is an important pollinator of agricultural crops. Since 2006, when unexpectedly high colony losses were first reported, articles have proliferated in the popular press suggesting a range of possible causes and raising alarm over the general decline of bees. Suggested causes include pesticides, genetically modified crops, habitat fragmentation, and introduc...

Soil application of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of insect pests in wine grape vineyards.

BACKGROUND Soil application of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides can provide opportunities for long-term control of insect pests in vineyards, with minimal risk of pesticide drift or worker exposure. This study compared the effectiveness of neonicotinoid insecticides applied via irrigation injection on key early-season and mid-season insect pests of vineyards in the eastern United States. R...